Unseen Passage for Class 6 - Passage 18

The origin of chess can be traced back to ancient India, where it was known as "chaturanga." This early form of chess was played in the 6th century during the Gupta Empire. Chaturanga represented the four branches of the military – infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots – and was an intricate strategy game.

As the game evolved, it spread to Persia, where it became known as "shatranj." The rules underwent modifications, and by the 10th century, shatranj had reached the Islamic world. It became immensely popular during the Islamic Golden Age, played by scholars, nobility, and commoners alike.

Chess made its way to Europe through various trade routes and cultural exchanges. The game underwent further changes in medieval Europe, with pieces acquiring their modern abilities. By the 15th century, chess had gained popularity across the continent, and chess clubs and tournaments began to emerge.

Today, chess is a globally recognized and played game, fostering critical thinking, strategic planning, and competitive spirit among its enthusiasts.

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking all or part of the Sun's rays. This rare celestial event captures the fascination of skywatchers around the world. The three main types of solar eclipses are total, partial, and annular, each offering a unique visual spectacle.

In a total solar eclipse, the Moon completely covers the Sun, casting a shadow on the Earth and turning day into night for a brief period. This phenomenon allows observers within the narrow path of totality to witness the Sun's outer atmosphere, known as the solar corona.

During a partial solar eclipse, the Moon covers only a portion of the Sun, creating a distinct crescent shape. The Sun appears as if a bite has been taken out of it. Partial eclipses are visible from a broader geographical area than total eclipses.

An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is farthest from Earth, appearing smaller and not completely covering the Sun's disk. This results in a ring-like appearance known as the "ring of fire." Annular eclipses offer a stunning display of cosmic geometry.

Solar eclipses have been observed and documented throughout history, often surrounded by myths and cultural interpretations. Modern astronomers use advanced equipment and technology to study these events, unraveling the mysteries of our solar system.