Cyber Olympiad Class 10 - Sample question paper 18

Q1. You are designing an algorithm for a space exploration mission where communication delays with the spacecraft are significant. Explain how you would implement a fault-tolerant and efficient distributed computing system to handle complex calculations and ensure reliable data processing during these communication gaps.

a) Prioritizing real-time communication over fault tolerance

b) Implementing a centralized computing system for simplicity

c) Utilizing redundancy and error-checking mechanisms in a distributed architecture to handle communication delays and ensure fault tolerance

d) Ignoring fault tolerance measures in favor of faster data processing

Q2. In a computer network, what is the purpose of a router?

a) Connects devices within the same local network

b) Filters and forwards data packets between different networks

c) Provides centralized storage for network data

d) Modulates and demodulates data signals

Q3. Which programming language is commonly used for front-end web development?

a) Python

b) Java

c) HTML & CSS

d) C++

Q4. What is the purpose of a primary key in a relational database?

a) Identifies a unique record in a table

b) Stores long text data

c) Defines the relationship between tables

d) Executes SQL queries

Q5. In MS-Excel, what function can be used to find the highest value in a range?

a) MAX()

b) HIGH()

c) TOP()

d) PEAK()

Q6. What is the purpose of the "IF" statement in programming?

a) To declare variables

b) To create loops

c) To make decisions based on conditions

d) To define functions

Q7. What is the significance of the "DOCTYPE" declaration in HTML?

a) Specifies the document type and version of HTML

b) Declares a new HTML document

c) Defines the structure of a webpage

d) Includes external CSS files

Q8. Which command is used to display the IP configuration of a Windows computer in the Command Prompt?

a) ipconfig/all

b) netstat

c) ping

d) tracert

Q9. In Python, what does the "self" keyword represent in a class method?

a) Refers to the class itself

b) Represents the current instance of the class

c) Indicates a static method

d) Points to the superclass

Q10. What is the purpose of the "SELECT" statement in SQL?

a) To update records in a table

b) To delete records from a table

c) To retrieve data from a table

d) To insert new records into a table

Q11. You are a data scientist working on a predictive analytics project. How can feature selection and dimensionality reduction techniques enhance the performance and interpretability of machine learning models?

a) Ignoring feature selection and dimensionality reduction in predictive analytics

b) Including all available features without considering model complexity

c) Applying techniques for selecting relevant features and reducing dimensionality to improve model performance and interpretability

d) Neglecting the impact of imbalanced datasets on predictive analytics models

Q12. What is the purpose of the "ORDER BY" clause in SQL?

a) To filter records based on a condition

b) To sort records in ascending or descending order

c) To join multiple tables

d) To update records in a table

Q13. What does the acronym HTML stand for in web development?

a) HyperText Markup Language

b) High-Level Text Management Language

c) Hyperlink and Textual Markup Language

d) High-Level Text Manipulation Language

Q14. In MS-Word, what function does the "Track Changes" feature serve?

a) Spell checking

b) Document formatting

c) Collaborative editing with visible changes

d) Automated document summary

Q15. What is the primary purpose of a firewall in a computer network?

a) To enhance internet speed

b) To prevent unauthorized access and control data traffic

c) To connect devices within a local network

d) To store and manage network data

Q16. Which of the following is a valid way to represent colors in CSS?

a) Numeric values only

b) Hexadecimal values only

c) RGB values only

d) All of the above

Q17. What is the purpose of the "VLOOKUP" function in MS-Excel?

a) To insert new rows in a worksheet

b) To search for a value in a table and return a corresponding value

c) To create charts and graphs

d) To perform mathematical calculations

Q18. What is the role of a compiler in programming?

a) Executes the program

b) Translates the program's source code into machine code

c) Manages memory allocation

d) Provides a user interface

Q19. In the context of databases, what is normalization?

a) Adding redundancy to improve performance

b) Simplifying complex queries

c) Organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve integrity

d) Deleting unnecessary records

Q20. What is the purpose of the "CTRL + Z" keyboard shortcut?

a) Undo the last action

b) Save the document

c) Cut selected text

d) Paste copied text

Q21. In Python, what does the term "inheritance" refer to?

a) Copying data from one variable to another

b) The process of creating a new object from an existing object

c) Executing multiple tasks simultaneously

d) Connecting to an external database

Q22. What is the purpose of the "ALT + TAB" keyboard shortcut in Windows?

a) Open the Task Manager

b) Switch between open applications

c) Close the current window

d) Open the Control Panel

Q23. What is the purpose of the "DOCTYPE" declaration in HTML?

a) Specifies the document type and version of HTML

b) Declares a new HTML document

c) Defines the structure of a webpage

d) Includes external CSS files

Q24. What is the purpose of the "INDEX" function in a database?

a) To create a new table

b) To organize data in alphabetical order

c) To speed up data retrieval by creating an index on specific columns

d) To delete records from a table

Q25. Which type of network topology connects all devices in a linear sequence?

a) Bus

b) Star

c) Ring

d) Mesh

Q26. What is the purpose of the "HLOOKUP" function in MS-Excel?

a) To search for a value in a vertical column and return a corresponding value

b) To create hyperlinks in a worksheet

c) To hide cells containing sensitive information

d) To perform horizontal data lookup

Q27. In the context of programming, what does the term "algorithm" refer to?

a) A type of programming language

b) A sequence of steps to solve a specific problem or perform a task

c) A computer hardware component

d) An error in the code

Q28. What is the primary purpose of the "LAN" (Local Area Network) in networking?

a) Connects devices within a limited geographic area, such as a single building or campus

b) Connects devices globally over the internet

c) Manages network security

d) Facilitates wireless communication

Q29. In the context of HTML, what does the "CSS" acronym stand for?

a) Computer Style Sheets

b) Creative Style System

c) Cascading Style Sheets

d) Colorful Style Scheme

Q30. What is the purpose of the "GROUP BY" clause in SQL?

a) To filter records based on a condition

b) To join multiple tables

c) To group rows that have the same values in specified columns

d) To update records in a table

Q31. In computer science, what is the purpose of the "Breadth-First Search (BFS)" algorithm?

a) Searching for an element in an array

b) Traversing or searching tree or graph data structures

c) Sorting elements in ascending order

d) Performing mathematical calculations

Q32. What is the purpose of the "Box Model" in CSS?

a) Creating 3D shapes on a webpage

b) Defining the layout and design of elements, including padding, border, margin, and content

c) Simulating virtual reality experiences

d) Animating elements on a webpage

Q33. In MS-Excel, what is the purpose of the "PivotTable" feature?

a) Creating charts and graphs

b) Analyzing and summarizing large datasets through dynamic tables

c) Merging cells for better formatting

d) Performing complex mathematical calculations

Q34. What is the purpose of the "Python Flask" framework in web development?

a) Creating virtual environments for Python projects

b) Handling database operations

c) Building web applications using the Python programming language

d) Implementing machine learning algorithms

Q35. What is the significance of the "404 Not Found" HTTP status code?

a) Successful request and response

b) Unauthorized access

c) Page not found or resource not available

d) Server error

Q36. What does the term "Dynamic Link Library (DLL)" refer to in Windows environments?

a) A file containing compiled Java code

b) A file format used for images

c) A file containing reusable code and data that can be used by multiple programs simultaneously

d) A file used for storing configuration settings

Q37. What is the purpose of the "SELECT" statement in SQL?

a) Updating records in a table

b) Retrieving data from a database table

c) Creating a new table

d) Deleting records from a table

Q38. In networking, what does the term "Firewall" refer to?

a) A physical barrier in computer hardware

b) A security feature in web browsers

c) A software or hardware-based security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic

d) A device for connecting multiple computers in a network

Q39. What is the purpose of the "INSERT" statement in SQL?

a) Retrieving data from a database table

b) Updating records in a table

c) Creating a new table

d) Adding new records to a database table

Q40. What is the purpose of the "Fibonacci sequence" in mathematics and computer science?

a) Representing prime numbers

b) Solving differential equations

c) Generating a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones

d) Calculating the area of a circle

Q41. In the context of machine learning, explain the concept of "gradient descent" and its significance in optimizing models.

a) A technique for color correction in images

b) A method for calculating gradients in 3D space

c) An optimization algorithm that minimizes the cost function to find the optimal parameters for a model

d) A mathematical formula for calculating the angle between vectors

Q42. Explain the concept of "Recursion" in computer programming and provide an example of its application.

a) A programming language feature for error handling

b) A process of repeating a set of instructions until a specific condition is met

c) A programming technique where a function calls itself to solve a smaller instance of a problem

d) A method for preventing memory leaks in programs

Q43. What is the role of "Cache Memory" in computer systems, and how does it contribute to improving system performance?

a) A storage location for long-term data retention

b) A temporary storage area for frequently accessed data, reducing the time needed to retrieve information

c) A component responsible for managing network connections

d) A form of memory used exclusively for graphics processing

Q44. Explain the concept of "Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)" and its advantages in software development.

a) A programming style focused on mathematical calculations

b) A design paradigm that emphasizes dividing a program into small, independent units called objects

c) A method for optimizing database queries

d) A technique for compressing image files

Q45. What is the purpose of "Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)" attacks in web security, and how can developers prevent them?

a) An attack aimed at stealing user credentials

b) An attempt to gain unauthorized access to a server

c) A type of attack that injects malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users

d) A method for encrypting data during transmission

Q46. In the context of databases, explain the concept of "ACID properties" and why they are essential for transaction management.

a) A set of principles for designing user interfaces

b) A framework for testing software applications

c) A set of properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) ensuring the reliability and integrity of database transactions

d) A method for compressing large datasets

Q47. Explain the concept of "Big O notation" in algorithm analysis and its significance in evaluating the efficiency of algorithms.

a) A method for measuring screen resolution in mobile devices

b) A notation used in music theory

c) A mathematical representation of the worst-case time complexity of an algorithm

d) A technique for image recognition in artificial intelligence

Q48. What is the significance of the "Internet of Things (IoT)" in the modern technological landscape, and how does it impact daily life?

a) A network of interconnected coffee machines

b) A framework for virtual reality experiences

c) A concept where everyday objects are connected to the internet, enabling data exchange and automation

d) A method for securing wireless communication

Q49. Explain the concept of "Machine Learning Bias" and its potential impact on decision-making algorithms.

a) A bias towards using machine learning in specific industries

b) A tendency for machine learning models to favor certain groups or outcomes based on biased training data

c) A method for optimizing machine learning algorithms

d) A technique for preventing overfitting in machine learning

Q50. In the context of cybersecurity, explain the concept of "Zero-Day Vulnerability" and its implications for computer systems.

a) A vulnerability that exists for zero days

b) A flaw in software or hardware that is unknown to the vendor and for which there is no fix

c) A security measure for protecting against zero-day attacks

d) A term used to describe the absence of cybersecurity threats